Serogroup b caused 54% of cases overall and the majority of cases in all age groups below 65 years. Neisseria meningitidis is a leading worldwide cause of sepsis and meningitis, with the highest increase in infants, young children, and adolescents resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The word diplococci is describing the appearance of n. Neisseria meningitidis is a frequent commensal of the upper respiratory. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup w, burkina faso, 2012. Genotyping of meningococci isolated from case patients. Neisseria meningitidis about neisseria meningitidis is a bacterium hosted only by humans and is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in the united states.
Population structure and capsular switching of invasive neisseria meningitidis isolates in the premeningococcal conjugate vaccine eraunited states, 20002005. To report a fullterm newborn infant that developed a sepsis associated to meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Although new vaccines hold great promise, meningococcal infection continues to be reported in both developed and developing countries, where universal. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Neisseria meningitidis the meningococcus is a gram. Neisseria meningitidis is a major causative agent, worldwide, of potentially lifethreatening meningitis and septicaemia, which carry with them a.
Meningococcal disease neisseria meningitidis disease. During 2012, burkina faso reported increases in neisseria meningitidis serogroup w, raising questions about whether these cases were a natural increase in disease or resulted from serogroup replacement after psatt introduction. Neisseria meningitidis haemophilus influenzae streptococcus pneumoniae streptococcus pyogenes group a strep neisseria meningitidis is immediately reportable on first knowledge or suspicion of the diagnosis due to the potential need for prophylaxis of close contacts within 24 hours of suspected diagnosis suspicion is. Meningococcal disease is a contagious infection spread by close contact, such as living with or kissing an infected person. Although capsular polysaccharidebased vaccines against serogroups a, c, y, and w5 are widely available, the pathway to a broadly protective vaccine against serogroup b has been more complex. Meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis, hemophilus in. Neisseria meningitidis surveillance report 2012 oregon active bacterial core surveillance abcs center for public health practice oregon health authority updated.
Neisseria meningitidis is an important cause of invasive bacterial infection in children worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of imd in. Virulence factors for a time, the virulence of neisseria meningitidis was attributed to the production of an exotoxin that could be recovered from culture filtrates of the organism. Neisseria meningitidis is usually cultivated in a peptoneblood base medium in a moist chamber containing 510% co 2. A vaccine against serogroup b neisseria meningitidis. Neisseria meningitidis meningococcal disease is a serious and rapidly progressing illness caused by n. Clients who are identified as exposed contacts and recommended to receive postexposure prophylaxis should be directed to an appropriate resource to receive their pep. Neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae, are obligate human pathogens that cause distinctly different disease syndromes. Part of the explanation for this phenomenon is the fact that meningitis due to neisseria meningitidis tends to strike young, previously well individuals and can progress over a matter of hours to death. Pdf neisseria meningitidis st11 clonal complex, chile 2012. The traversal or breach of these barriers by meningitiscausing pathogens is. Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a gramnegative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a lifethreatening sepsis. Meningitidis mainly resides in the nose and throat of humans.
Meningococcemia is defined as dissemination of meningococci neisseria meningitidis into the bloodstream see the image below. Feb 04, 2014 this bacteriology lecture will explain the general properties of neisseria meningitidis and it also explains the disease, pathogenesis, and treatment of neisseria meningitidis infection. Neisseria il genere neisseria prende il nome da chi per primo descrisse il microorganismo a. Il genere neisseria prende il nome da chi per primo descrisse. Neisseria meningitidis st11 clonal complex, chile, 2012. Invasive meningococcal disease imd is a serious infection that may start off insidiously, but progress rapidly, leading to meningitis andor septic shock. Health, general epidemiology physiological aspects research meningitis care and treatment demographic aspects prevention vaccines. Neisseria meningitidis is a gramnegative microorganism that exists exclusively in humans and can cause devastating invasive disease. K v chakradhar assistant professor department of microbiology nriims 2. The casefatality rate for this disease was higher than in previ ous years. Meningococcal meningitis world health organization. The bacterial meningitis is spread through direct contact with mucus and saliva, so people can get it from potent exposure to coughing, kissing, and sneezing. All media must be warmed to 37 degrees prior to inoculation as the organism is extremely susceptible to temperatures above or below 37 degrees.
Most carrier isolates are shown to lack capsule production. Severe meningococcal disease can occur when the bacterium enters normally sterile areas of the body, penetrating through the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. Meningitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Infections caused by the neisseria meningitidis bacteria invasive meningococcal disease imd is a lifethreatening condition caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis n. Epidemiology of neisseria meningitidis neisseria meningitidis, also known as the meningococcus, is the bacterium responsible for meningococcal septicaemia and meningitis in humans. Serogroup w neisseria meningitidis was the main cause of invasive meningococcal disease in chile during 2012. Feb 12, 2010 neisseria meningitidis meningococcus dr kamran afzal slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Nagele, v heesemann, j schielke, s jimenez soto, l. Pdf neisseria meningitidis susceptibility in northcameroon.
Health, general alleles identification and classification allelomorphism medical research medicine, experimental meningitis genetic aspects. Neisseria meningitidis patogenesi ed immunita a i batteri sono in grado di colonizzare le cellule non ciliate del nasofaringe. Neisseria meningitides is an aerobic, nonsporeforming gramnegative coccobacilli that resides in its natural habitat within the nasopharyngeal tract of humans. Meningitis is an inflammation of the tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis arises upon inflammation of the meninges, which consists of the membrane that envelops and protects the central nervous system. The investigation shall include collecting case information, obtaining laboratory. Neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococcus, is a species of gramnegative coffee beanshaped diplococci that typically appear in pairs with the opposing sides flattened.
We analyzed national surveillance data to describe. The entire genetic sequences of a serogroup a and a serogroup b meningococcus have been published. Neisseria meningitidis the meningococcus is a fastidious gramnegative diplococcus that colonizes and invades only man. Neisseria meningitidis is an aerobic, gramnegative diplococcus that causes meningococcal diseases such as meningococcemia and bacterial meningitis. Although serogroup c meningococcal disease has all but disappeared in the past decade as a direct result of immunisation programmes in europe, canada, and australia, meningitis and septicaemia caused by serogroup b meningococci remain uncontrolled.
This pathogen may also cause overwhelming sepsis, purpura fulminans, or rarely benign meningococcemia. Routine throat or nasopharyngeal culture of contacts is not helpful in determining who warrants chemoprophylaxis. Neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by neisseria. Meningococcal meningitis and sepsis are devastating diseases which still affect people with an incidence varying between 0. Neisseria meningitidis georgia department of public health. Meningococcal meningitis is caused by the bacteria neisseria meningitidis, and. Signs and symptoms of meningococcal disease include sudden onset of. Refer to the help section for more detailed instructions. July 2012 background the active bacterial core surveillance abcs program is a core component of the emerging. Laboratoryconfirmed bacterial meningitis cases, burkina faso, 2012 latex culture agglutination bacterium, serogroup or pcr dagger total neisseria meningitidis a 0 0 0 w 1,438 1,451 x 207 na 207 y 4 0 4 c 1 0 1 indeterminate 125 0 125 streptococcus 527 7 534 pneumoniae haemophilus influenzae 30 1 31 type b total 2,332 21 2,353 data. It can be found in about 28% of humans that are carriers of the bacteria in a normal setting. Differences between neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae.
The bacterium is referred to as a coccus because it is round, and more specifically, diplococcus because of its tendency to form pairs. Who fact sheet on meningococcal meningitis provides key facts and information on transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention. They are both gram negative diplococci, nonsporing, oxidase positive and difficult to differentiate on morphological and cultural characteristics. Differences between neisseria meningitidis and neisseria. Neisseria meningitidis st11 complex isolates associated with. Chemoprophylaxis of healthcare workers exposed to neisseria meningitidis 11 recommendations for the management of laboratory worker exposed to n. In 2010, burkina faso became the first country to introduce meningococcal serogroup a conjugate vaccine psatt. Neisseria meningitidis is one of the most crucial causes of bacterial meningitis worldwide. The bacteria is found in much higher percentages in areas where many people are living together. Meningococcal c conjugate vaccine mcc was introduced in 2005 for 12 onths old infants. Neisseria meningitidis infectious disease and antimicrobial. Neisseria meningitidis the meningococcus causes significant morbidity and mortality in children and young adults worldwide through epidemic or sporadic meningitis andor septicemia.
Pdf metabolism and virulence in neisseria meningitidis. During periods of endemic disease, about 10 % of the general population harbour neisseria meningitidis in the nasopharynx. Morphology capsulated gram negative cocci in pairs diplococci 0. In sepsis, skin hemorrhages are the hallmark of invasive meningococcal disease. Meningococcal disease can refer to any illness that is caused by a type of bacteria called neisseria meningitidis. At a clinic in indianapolis, indiana, usa, we observed an increase in neisseria gonorrhoeaenegative men with suspected gonococcal urethritis who had urethral cultures positive for n. The incidence of invasive meningococcal disease imd in italy is among the lowest in europe. The fact that this bacteria is gram negative means that there is very little or no peptidoglycan in the cell wall. Ppt neisseria powerpoint presentation free to download.
The casefatality rate for this disease was higher than in previous years. Neisseria meningitidis medigoo health medical tests and. Neisseria meningitidis an overview sciencedirect topics. See bacterial meningitis in children older than one. Neisseria meningitidis definition of neisseria meningitidis.
To describe the antimicrobial resistance profile of neisseria meningitidis isolates causing invasive disease in brazil from 2009 to 2016. Meningococcal disease signs and symptoms can include. Mortality can be very high if the infection is not treated appropriately, and longterm sequelae can be severe even in successfully managed cases. In genetic terms, its closest relative is the gonococcus, neisseria gonorrhoeae. Solo i ceppi provvisti di pili riconoscono specifici recettori sulle cellule epiteliali b. Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenza. Who laboratory methods for the diagnosis of meningitis. Meningitidis is described as a gramnegative diplococci. Neisseria meningitidis is a bacteria that is best known for its role in endemic bacterial meningitis. The neisseria meningitidis capsule is important for intracellular survival in human cells. Pdf neisseria meningitidis st11 clonal complex, chile. Pdf reduction in neisseria meningitidis infection in. Colonies are positive by the oxidase test and most strains utilize maltose.
States in 2012, and two serogroup b recombinant vaccines. Neisser ne esistono 10 specie 2 specie sono patogene per luomo n. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in neisseria. Diagnosis and prevention of neisseria meningitides induced. Abcs personnel routinely contacted all microbiology laboratories serving acute care hospitals in their area to identify cases. The etiological agent is neisseria meningitidis, a gram negative diplococcus and an obligate human. Hedberg, magnus unemo, asusanne jacobsson, dorothea m. Meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis, hemophilus. Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae. Pdf neisseria meningitidis serogroup w, burkina faso, 2012. Csf, blood are to be investigated in accordance with the communicable disease reporting rule 410 iac 12. The pathogen has a unique ability among the different etiologic agents of bacterial meningitis to cause major epidemics, case clusters, and. Neisseria meningitidis exists in the nasopharynx of about 510% of the population and rarely causes serious disease.
The characteristic skin rash purpura of meningococcal septicemia, caused by neisseria meningitidis. During 2012, burkina faso reported increases in neisseria meningitidis serogroup w. Il genere neisseria prende il nome da chi per primo. Patients with acute infection can present clinically with 1 meningitis, 2 meningitis with meningococcemia, or 3 meningococcemia without obvious meningitis. Genotyping of meningococci isolated from casepatients identified the hypervirulent lineage w. Role of factor h binding protein in neisseria meningitidis. Welcome to cdc stacks neisseria meningitidis serogroup w. Quick medical attention is extremely important if meningococcal disease is suspected. Neisseria meningitidis st11 clonal complex, chile 2012. Select up to three search categories and corresponding keywords using the fields to the right. Molecular interactions between neisseria meningitidis and.